在政府采购项目的招标过程中，招标文件的编制具有十分重要的意义，招标文件编制是否规范、准确，是否科学、严谨，将直接影响整个采购工作的进度和成败。笔者认为政府采购招标工作能否做到公平、公正，主要取决于三个关口：一是资格要求关；二是技术需求关；三是评分细则关。

　　合理设置招标资格条件 严把采购“入门关”

　　gongyingshangtoubiaozigetiaojianshigongyingshangcanyuzhengfucaigoujingzhengde“menjian”，zhaobiao“menjian”deshedingyiji“menjian”shedingdegaodi，douzhijiejuedinglexiangmucaigoudegongzhengyufou，yinciburonghushi。caigouzigetiaojianshezhibuhelizhuyaobiaoxianzaiyixialiufangmian：

　　一是对供应商注册资金提出过高要求

　　chakangedizhengfucaigoudegonggao，duigongyingshangzhucezijindeyaoqiuxianzaiyuelaiyuegao。duigongchengxiangmu，ruguoqiyeyijinghuodeyidingjibiedezizhihou，zaiyizhucezijinzuoweixianzhitiaojianmingxianshibuhelide。danshizaizhengfucaigouzhong，guojiameiyouxiangguandefalvfaguijiayixianzhi，duizheizhongyaoqiujiuquefafalvyijulaipandingqihefahegui。

　　anliyi：womenjieshouleyigejishiwanyuandejiajuzhengfucaigou，caigoudanweiyaoqiuzhizaoshangdezhucezijinshi1000wanyuanyishang,womenrenweiyaoqiutaigaole，jianyitamenjianshao，keshicaigoufangtichuliangdiankanfa：yishizheiyangdeyaoqiushiweilebaozhengzhengfucaigouzijindeanquanxing，yuedadeqiyecaigouzhiliangxingyeyuegao；ershiduiyaoqiuzhizaoshangzhuceziben1000wanyuanshifougouchengweifa，weifadeshiqingwomenbugan，danshi，ruguomeiyoufalvyijuzhengmingtamendeyaoqiuweifadehua，neijiuyinggaianzhaotamendeyaoqiuzhixing。

　　womenzuoweijizhongcaigoudailijigourenweicaigoufangtichudeyaoqiuyouyidingdehelixing，danshiyejuyouyidingdepaitaxing。ruguoyigezhucezijin500wandejiajuzhizaoshangduicitichuzhiyi：womenkeyishengchanchuwanquanmanzuzhaobiaowenjianjishuyaoqiudejiaju，weishenmeyongzhucezijinlaipaichiwomencanjiatoubiaoni？cianliduicaigoufangdeyaoqiuhegongyingshangdezhiyikenengshimuqianzhaobiaojigoupubianyudaoeryoumeiyoufalvyijukeyicanzhaojiejuedewenti。womenxianzaidezuofayibanshizhaobiaoxiangmudeyusuanjineyaoyuzhucezijindazhixiangdang，bunengxuanshuguoda。

　　二是按照某个供应商量身定做资质要求

　　zhengfucaigoubaoluowanxiang，shejicaigoulingyutaiguang，yaoqiucaigourenyijucaigouxiangmudounenghelitichuduitoubiaorenzigehetiaojiandeyaoqiushibuxianshide。suoyi，daduoshucaigourenduitoubiaorendezigeyaoqiuhetoubiaotiaojiandoushibangzhutamenshejicaigouxiangmujishucanshudegongyingshangsuozhiding。ziran，zheijiuchanshengleweigongyingshangzijiliangshendingzuodeqiantitiaojian。

　　三是制造商授权问题

　　zaijisuanjixiangguanchanpinzhengfucaigouzigehetiaojianzhong，duichanpintichubixujuyou“zhizaoshangshouquan”deyaoqiu。caigourenduishouquandeliyoushiyaobaozhengchanpindezhiliangheshouhoufuwu，kansihenyoudaoli，danconglingyigejiaodukan，yaoqiushouquanhuizaochengzhizaoshanghuodailishangcaozongtoubiaohetoubiaojiage，anzhaocaizhengbu38haowenjian《guanyuduojiadailishangdailiyijiazhizaoshangdechanpincanjiatoubiaoruhejisuangongyingshangjiashudefuhan》zhongguiding“yuanzeshangtongyipinpaitongyixinghaochanpinzhinengyouyijiatoubiaoren”dejingshen，zhizaoshangjiukeyijuedingjimougedailishouquan，erzheigedailishangjiukeyijuedingtoubiaojiage，erbushitongguoshichangjingzhengchanshengyigehelidejiage。

　　四是把业绩作为招标资格和条件的合法性

　　《zhengfucaigoufa》di23tiaoguiding：“caigourenkeyiyaoqiucanjiazhengfucaigoudegongyingshangtigongyouguanzizhizhengmingwenjianheyejiqingkuang，binggenjubenfaguidingdegongyingshangtiaojianhecaigouxiangmuduigongyingshangdetedingyaoqiu，duigongyingshangdezigejinxingshencha。”bizhegerenrenwei，citiaoyaoqiugongyingshangtigongyejibuyingshiweishiduitoubiaozigedeguiding，eryinggaijiangyejiqingkuangzuoweizonghepingfendeyaosu。danshixianzaibufencaigourenjiangyejiyaoqiuzuoweitoubiaozige，bingqieyejiyaoqiupogao，liru：zai2008nianguangdianzhongxindengguangzhaobiaogonggaozigezhongliechu“2008nian6yueyilaiduliwancheng500wanyishangdeguangdiangongchengxitongxiangmu”dengshijishangzheizhongyaoqiujuyoumingxiandepaitaxing，bunengshuomeiyouzuoguoleisixiangmuhuosuiranzuoguodangeshubugoudehuozhezuoguo200wangongchengdejiubeipaichizaibencizhaobiaozhiwai，fouzegongshangbumenjiubuyongzaishenpixinchenglideqiyele。

　　五是无法定性的招标资格

　　moudiantizhaobiaogonggaoduizigegongyingshangdeyaoqiu：(1)guojizhimingpinpai，zaizhonghuarenmingongheguojingneizhucedejuyoudulifarenzigede…..（2）suotouchanpinzaiguoneixiaoshoubudeshaoyu16nian（3）jin3niannei，suotouchanpinzai**shibushaoyu300taidediantixiaoshouchenggonganli。congzhongwomenkeyikanchudiyidianyaoqiu“guojizhimingpinpai”wufadingxing，shenmeshiguojizhimingpinpai？youshenmeguojiajigouchujudejuyoufalvxiaolvdezhengshu？zheixiedouwufaqueding。dierhedisandiankanqilaiyedoushiweimouyigongyingshangliangshendingzhide。

　　六是资格条件过高

　　li1： guangdianzhongxinjianshexiangmuyiqigongchengyanboshidengguangxitongyusuanjine387wanyuan，bufenzigeyaoqiuruxia：juyouzhonghuarenmingongheguojianshebubanfadejidianshebeianzhuanggongchengzhuanyechengbaoyijijiyishangzizhi，qietongshijuyougangjiegouzhuanyechengbaoerjijiyishangzizhi（yuanjianjifuyinjian）。

　　li2：guotuzhinenghuaxiangmuzigeyaoqiu，zhejiangshengneitongshijubeijianzhuzhinenghuagongchengzhuanyechengbaoyijizizhihejianzhuzhinenghuagongchengjiajizizhi。

　　yishangxiangmuanzhaoguidingsanjiyishangqiyejikechengjian，weishenmeyaoyijidezizhi，bingqiehaiyaojubeigangjiegouerjiyishangzizhi，shixiangzheiyangdeqiyenengyoujijia。tongyangdedaolizhejiangshengneitongshijubeijianzhuzhinenghuazhuanyechengbaoyijihejianzhuzhinenghuagongchengzhuanxiangshejijiajizizhidetiaojianguidingjuyoumingxiandeqishixingheqingxiangxing。

　　jianyi：gejizhengfucaigoujianguanbumenkeyizhidingyixie“zhengfucaigougongyingshangzigeyaoqiuguanlizanxingbanfa（huoguiding）”。duikeyigenjucaizhengyusuanjinededaxiao、gongshangyingyezhizhaoguidingdejingyingfanwei、xiangmudeteshuxinghegediqushijiqingkuang，fenbiezhidingduigongyingshangzigeyaoqiubutongdebiaozhun；duigongchengleiyangeanzhaozhufanghechengxiangjianshebusuofazizhisuoguidingdejingyingfanweizhixing，duixitongjicheng、wangluogongchenganxinxichanyebusuofazizhiheguidingdejingyingfanweizhixing；fuwuleiyeanguojiaxiangguanbuweisuofazizhihegongshangyingyezhizhaosuoguidingdejingyingfanweijingying。qitaguojiafalvfaguimeiyouguidingdejiuangongshangxingzhengbumenguidingdejingyingfanweizhixing。

　　重点审查货物招标技术参数 严把技术参数审核关

　　muqian，caigoudailijigouzaizhizuozhaobiaowenjianshi，yibanshiyoucaigourentigongshebeideguige、jishucanshu。youyucaigourenyibandouquefazhuanmendejishurencai，huiweituoyixiegongyingshanglaizhizuojishuxuqiu，ermouxiegongyingshangzaizhizuoguochengzhongjiuhuiduizijixiaoshoudeshebeiyouqingxiangxing；youdecaigourentigongdejishuyaoqiuyuguigeshizhaochaoshuomingshuo；youdezhijietichuyaomoumouchangjia、moumoupinpai、moumouxinghaodeshebei；youdegebiehuobufencanshufanyingzhibiaoguogaohuoguodi，youdeshenzhishipingkongxiangxiang，tichuyixieyuyucaigoudeshebeidangcixiangchashenyuandegongnengyaoqiu，shitoubiaofangwufaanzhaobiaoshutigongxiangyingdeshebei。

　　bizherenwei，caigourenzaibianzhijishuguigeshi，yinggaizonghetongdangcigechangshangshebeidezhuyaoxingnengzhibiao，shidangbagao，bukezhuanzhi，fouzejiuhuishiqugongpingxingheguangfanxing。zhidingjishucanshuyebuyingzaochengduiyouzigetoubiaogongyingshangdeqishi。biaoshuyaoqiudejishucanshushiyigeshuzhifanwei，bushiyigejutideshuju。kecaiyong“dayudengyu”huo“zaimoumoufudunei”zheiyileicuoci。biruzhongxincaigoudexuexiaojisuanjixiangmu：guidingcpu、yingpan、neicundengdezuidiyaoqiu，yaobaozhengdaduoshupinpaidiannaokeyidadaoyishangyaoqiu。bizherenwei，bimianzhaobiaowenjianjishuyaoqiuqingxiangxingkeyicaiquyixiacuoshi：

　　lunzhengxuqiu，guifangeshi，zaijishucanshuzhong，guidingbudeyouqingxiangxingtiaokuan，budeguoduoshezhi“*”deqiangzhixingtiaokuanheduifeishizhixingtiaokuanshezhi“*”，gebiegexinghuadezhibiaoyaoqiubunengzuoweishizhixingtiaokuan。biru，womenmaiyibushouji，nikeyiyaoqiushoujibixunengtonghua、bixunengfaduanxinhepingmuchicundaxiaobingjiangqishezhiweishizhixingtiaokuan，danwomenbunengjiangshoujizhongliangbixuxiaoyu100kedengzuoweiqiangzhixingtiaokuan。keyizuzhizhuanjiaduidaxingxiangmuhuojishufuzaxiangmudexuqiujinxinglunzheng，ruguoyouteshuyaoqiu，xushumianchengnuozhishaoyaoyousanjiayishangdeqianzaigongyingshangmanzujishuxuqiu。tongshiwomenyekeyizuzhiyouqianzaigongyingshangcanjiadezhaobiaowenjianxianchangyijianzhengqiuhui，youyuqianzaigongyingshangbijiaoshuxitoubiaogechanpindejishucanshu，youqiguanxinzishentoubiaochanpindejishuyaoqiushifoumanzuqijishuyaoqiu。yinernengkuaisuzhunquedizhaochujishucanshudeqingxiangxingtiaokuan。

　　jijidiaoyan，zhangwoxinxi。shichangxinxibaokuoshebeijishuxinxiheyingxiaoshangwuxinxi。caigourenyuanyinggaichongfenlejieguoneiwaixiangguanshebei，tebieshiyucaigoushebeidefazhandongxiang，dangcifenlei、gongneng。duigongyingshanghuanjing、qiyexiaoshouqudaoyufangshidezhangwoyouliyurangbiaoshuzhizuozheduicaigourendejishuxuqiuzuochukeguandepingjia。lingwai，duizhengcefaguidezhunquelijieyuzhixing，youliyubiaoshuzhizuozhetichuqishixingtiaokuan。

　　分分计较 严把招标文件评分标准设置关

　　pingfenbiaozhunshihenglianghepingpangongyingshangchanpinhefuwuzonghepinzhidezhijieyiju，shicaigouwenjiandelinghun。keyishuo，pingfenbiaozhundeshezhizhijieyingxiangzhezhaobiao、toubiao、pingbiaogehuanjiegongzuo，zaiyidingchengdushangjuedinglezhengfucaigouhuodongdezhilianghexiaoyi。zuoweizuzhishishizhengfucaigouhuodongdezhuanyebumen，womenbixujinyibujiaqiangduipingfenbiaozhundeyanjiuhetantao，tigaopingfenbiaozhunshezhidekexuexinghehelixing，buduantigaojizhongcaigoudezhiliangheshuiping。pingfenbiaozhunzhidingyibanyingzunxunyixiayuanze：

　　yishizhenduixing：pingfenbiaozhunshezhibunengpingkongxiangxiang，yidingyaojinkoubiaoshuneirong，biaoshuzhongweizuoyaoqiudeshixiangbunengzuoweipingfenneirongdeguanjianchengfen。zhaobiaowenjianbixuduixiangmujishuyaoqiu、zizhibaozhang、xiangyingchengduyujutineirong、jingyingyejinianfen、jishurenyuanpeibeibiaozhun、shouhoufuwujutitiaokuandengfangmianzuochuxiangjindeshuoming，tixianchukecaozuoxing，rangsuoyoudexinxizaiyigepingtaishangchongfenzhanshichulai，jinliangjianshaoqishixing、mohuxingdeneirong。biaoshuyupingfenbanfashixiangfuxiangchengdeguanxi，yinggaixianghucujin，gongtongwanshan。

　　ershibixuxing：zhaobiaowenjianshezhipingfenyinsuyinggaishibixude，bunengshikeyoukewude，ruguobushezhixiangyingdefenzhi，kenenghuiduixiangmudeshishihehuowudezhiliangdailaibuliangdeyingxiang，suoyitadeshezhijiushibixude。ruguoshikeyoukewude，jiumeiyouzaibiaoshuzhongtixiandebiyao。guotuzhinengcaigouxiangmu：huodezhejiangshengkejitingrendingdekejixingqiyezhengshudede4fen。shifoukejixingqiyeduixiangmushishidehaohuaimeiyoushenmebirandeyingxiang，tadeshezhishikeyoukewude，tongshikaolvdaotongguogairendingdeqiyebushihenduo，yinciwomenzuizhongshanchulegaipingfenyinsu。

　　sanshizhijiexing：zhaobiaowenjianshezhipingfenyinsuyinggaishihehuowuhuofuwudeshishihaohuaiyingxiangshizhijiede，bushijianjiede。birubiaoshudezhizuojingmeiyufoudeng，zheixiefenzhishezhiyingjinkenengxiao，shenzhibushezhi。

　　sishidazhongxing：shizhiwanchengyileixiangmuyibanqiyedouyongyoudezizhizhengshu、rongyu、renzhengdeng。ruxingzhengzhongxinzhinenghuaxiangmu，xiangmujinglihuoxiangmujishufuzerenjuyoujishuyuruanjianzhuanyexitongfenxi（gaoji）zigezhengshu，qiejuyouxinxixitongxiangmuguanlishi（gaoji）zigezhengshudede3fen。dabufenqiyebujubeiyishangliangxianggaojizhicheng，dandanxianghuozhongjidezhichengbijiaopubian，chengdanjibaiwandegongchengyebushishenmedawenti。yinershezhizhongjiyishanghuozhedanxiangjuyouyishanggaojizhichengzhiyideshidangjiafenbijiaoheshi。

　　wushihefaxing：hefaxingshipingfenbiaozhunshezhidezuijibenyaoqiu，suoshezhideneirongbixushihefade，birumoushengneiyeji、moushenggongshangbumenrending、qianjiangbeidengmingxianshiyu《zhengfucaigoufa》deyaoqiuxiangweibeide，yinggaijianjuejiuzheng。

　　liushizhengcexing：pingbiaobiaozhunyaotixianzhengfucaigouzhengcemubiao。duizizhuchuangxinchanpin、jienenghuanbaoxingchanpin、fuchibufadadiquheshaoshuminzudiqufazhan、guohuodengyaotixianyouxiandecaigouzhengce，caigourenyaoyonghaoziyoucailiangquan，zaijiagefenzhizhongchongfentixianchulai，zaipingfenyinsuzhongduizheileichanpinhelishezhifenzhibingjiyujiafen，jizheileiqiyeyouxiandaiyu。caizhengbumenyaofahuijianguanzuoyong，ducucaigourencaigouzheixiechanpin，“aiwoguohuo，yangwoguowei”，jiangcaigouhetongyouxianshouyuzheixieqiye，yicujinguoneiqiyedefazhan。

　　笔者认为，公开、公平、公正和诚信是招投标工作的生命，只有把握以上招标文件制作三关，才能真正选择出性价比较高的供应商，从而提高政府采购的效益，提升政府公信力。（作者单位：浙江省东阳市公共资源交易中心）